Sunday, November 21, 2010

Where are the protesters?

I'm waiting with baited breath to see whether there will be any protests over the airport nudey scanners and TSA groping this Thanksgiving holiday. I mean, we all remember the riots over universal health care, right?

If the government putting their nose in our personal business rankled people, surely the government putting their hands in our privates will unleash true rage.

Surely people will be up-in-arms over the TSA taking naked pictures of them and keeping the good ones for fun. Surely people will be angry that their wives and daughters are being felt up by convicted sex offenders. Surely people will be rabid over the loss of their 4th amendment rights.

Given the public shows of anger and disgust -- the public backlash -- in town hall meetings regarding something as mundane as health care, I expect the protests against the government's full assault of our privacy and dignity to be something to see. I can't wait.
Update 2010/11/24:
Well, the busiest travel day of the year has passed without any notable protests. I'm not quite sure what to make of that.

Sunday, November 14, 2010

New Chapter

Well, tomorrow is a big day for me: I'll be starting a new job. I'll be working for a super-secretive company in Cupertino which means that I won't be writing any more tech-related posts. I'm sure the next few weeks will be hectic, so I doubt I'll be up to writing much anyway. But I've got some ideas of what I'd like to write about once things settle down.

I'd say "stay tuned" but I'm pretty sure no one is tuned in to my blog as it is. :)

Friday, November 12, 2010

Python: Enumerating IP Addresses on FreeBSD

As promised in my earlier post on enumerating local interfaces and their IP addresses on MacOS X, this time I'll cover how to do the same on FreeBSD and other operating systems that implement the getifaddrs API. Basically, this is just a python wrapper around the getifaddrs interface using ctypes.

The code is a bit longer than I typically like to include in a blog post, but here it goes:
"""
Wrapper for getifaddrs(3).
"""

import socket
import sys

from collections import namedtuple
from ctypes import *

class sockaddr_in(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sin_len', c_uint8),
('sin_family', c_uint8),
('sin_port', c_uint16),
('sin_addr', c_uint8 * 4),
('sin_zero', c_uint8 * 8)
]

def __str__(self):
assert self.sin_len >= sizeof(sockaddr_in)
data = ''.join(map(chr, self.sin_addr))
return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, data)

class sockaddr_in6(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sin6_len', c_uint8),
('sin6_family', c_uint8),
('sin6_port', c_uint16),
('sin6_flowinfo', c_uint32),
('sin6_addr', c_uint8 * 16),
('sin6_scope_id', c_uint32)
]

def __str__(self):
assert self.sin6_len >= sizeof(sockaddr_in6)
data = ''.join(map(chr, self.sin6_addr))
return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, data)

class sockaddr_dl(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sdl_len', c_uint8),
('sdl_family', c_uint8),
('sdl_index', c_short),
('sdl_type', c_uint8),
('sdl_nlen', c_uint8),
('sdl_alen', c_uint8),
('sdl_slen', c_uint8),
('sdl_data', c_uint8 * 12)
]

def __str__(self):
assert self.sdl_len >= sizeof(sockaddr_dl)
addrdata = self.sdl_data[self.sdl_nlen:self.sdl_nlen+self.sdl_alen]
return ':'.join('%02x' % x for x in addrdata)

class sockaddr_storage(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sa_len', c_uint8),
('sa_family', c_uint8),
('sa_data', c_uint8 * 254)
]

class sockaddr(Union):
_anonymous_ = ('sa_storage', )
_fields_ = [
('sa_storage', sockaddr_storage),
('sa_sin', sockaddr_in),
('sa_sin6', sockaddr_in6),
('sa_sdl', sockaddr_dl),
]

def family(self):
return self.sa_storage.sa_family

def __str__(self):
family = self.family()
if family == socket.AF_INET:
return str(self.sa_sin)
elif family == socket.AF_INET6:
return str(self.sa_sin6)
elif family == 18: # AF_LINK
return str(self.sa_sdl)
else:
print family
raise NotImplementedError, "address family %d not supported" % family


class ifaddrs(Structure):
pass
ifaddrs._fields_ = [
('ifa_next', POINTER(ifaddrs)),
('ifa_name', c_char_p),
('ifa_flags', c_uint),
('ifa_addr', POINTER(sockaddr)),
('ifa_netmask', POINTER(sockaddr)),
('ifa_dstaddr', POINTER(sockaddr)),
('ifa_data', c_void_p)
]

# Define constants for the most useful interface flags (from if.h).
IFF_UP = 0x0001
IFF_BROADCAST = 0x0002
IFF_LOOPBACK = 0x0008
IFF_POINTTOPOINT = 0x0010
IFF_RUNNING = 0x0040
if sys.platform == 'darwin' or 'bsd' in sys.platform:
IFF_MULTICAST = 0x8000
elif sys.platform == 'linux':
IFF_MULTICAST = 0x1000

# Load library implementing getifaddrs and freeifaddrs.
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
libc = cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.dylib')
else:
libc = cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so')

# Tell ctypes the argument and return types for the getifaddrs and
# freeifaddrs functions so it can do marshalling for us.
libc.getifaddrs.argtypes = [POINTER(POINTER(ifaddrs))]
libc.getifaddrs.restype = c_int
libc.freeifaddrs.argtypes = [POINTER(ifaddrs)]


def getifaddrs():
"""
Get local interface addresses.

Returns generator of tuples consisting of interface name, interface flags,
address family (e.g. socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6), address, and netmask.
The tuple members can also be accessed via the names 'name', 'flags',
'family', 'address', and 'netmask', respectively.
"""
# Get address information for each interface.
addrlist = POINTER(ifaddrs)()
if libc.getifaddrs(pointer(addrlist)) < 0:
raise OSError

X = namedtuple('ifaddrs', 'name flags family address netmask')

# Iterate through the address information.
ifaddr = addrlist
while ifaddr and ifaddr.contents:
# The following is a hack to workaround a bug in FreeBSD
# (PR kern/152036) and MacOSX wherein the netmask's sockaddr may be
# truncated. Specifically, AF_INET netmasks may have their sin_addr
# member truncated to the minimum number of bytes necessary to
# represent the netmask. For example, a sockaddr_in with the netmask
# 255.255.254.0 may be truncated to 7 bytes (rather than the normal
# 16) such that the sin_addr field only contains 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe.
# All bytes beyond sa_len bytes are assumed to be zero. Here we work
# around this truncation by copying the netmask's sockaddr into a
# zero-filled buffer.
if ifaddr.contents.ifa_netmask:
netmask = sockaddr()
memmove(byref(netmask), ifaddr.contents.ifa_netmask,
ifaddr.contents.ifa_netmask.contents.sa_len)
if netmask.sa_family == socket.AF_INET and netmask.sa_len < sizeof(sockaddr_in):
netmask.sa_len = sizeof(sockaddr_in)
else:
netmask = None

try:
yield X(ifaddr.contents.ifa_name,
ifaddr.contents.ifa_flags,
ifaddr.contents.ifa_addr.contents.family(),
str(ifaddr.contents.ifa_addr.contents),
str(netmask) if netmask else None)
except NotImplementedError:
# Unsupported address family.
yield X(ifaddr.contents.ifa_name,
ifaddr.contents.ifa_flags,
None,
None,
None)
ifaddr = ifaddr.contents.ifa_next

# When we are done with the address list, ask libc to free whatever memory
# it allocated for the list.
libc.freeifaddrs(addrlist)

__all__ = ['getifaddrs'] + [n for n in dir() if n.startswith('IFF_')]
As always, this code is released under a BSD-style license.